پیچ و مهرهها ابزارآلاتی کاربردی هستند که برای ایجاد اتصالات موقت در صنایع مختلف و بسیاری از کاربردهای خانگی استفاده میشوند. پیچ و مهرهها در ظاهر ابزارهایی ساده هستند، اما با توجه به اهمیت آنها در کاربرد و نقشهای مهمی که در ایجاد اتصالات به عهده دارند، باید بر اساس استانداردهای تعریف شده تولید شوند. این استانداردها ترکیب شیمیایی، روشها و فرایندهای تولید، نحوه و شرایط کنترل کیفیت و تستهای انجام شده بر روی پیچ و مهرهها و سایزبندیهای مشخصی را برای انواع مختلف پیچ و مهره تعریف میکنند و آنها را در قالب دستورالعملهایی برای اجرا در اختیار تولیدکنندگان پیچ و مهره قرار میدهند.
این استانداردها بسیار دقیق و مهندسی شده تعریف شدهاند و نتیجه سالها تلاش و تحقیق محققان و مهندسان است. تولیدکنندگان این محصولات در روند تولید فراوردههای خود، ملزم به رعایت این استانداردها هستند. پرکاربردترین استانداردهایی که در زمینههای ذکر شده برای پیچ و مهرهها تعریف شدهاند، استانداردهای DIN, ISO، BS و ASTM هستند.
برای دانلود نسخه پی دی اف کلیک کنید.
BRITISH STANDARD | DIN STANDARD | ISO STANDARD | TYPE OF FASTENER |
BS EN ISO4026 | DIN913 | ISO4026 | Hex Socket Setscrew Flat point |
BS EN ISO4027 | DIN914 | ISO4027 | Hex Socket Setscrew Cone point |
BS EN ISO4028 | DIN915 | ISO4028 | Hex Socket Setscrew Dog point |
BS EN ISO4029 | DIN916 | ISO4029 | Hex Socket Setscrew Plain Cup point |
BS3692 | DIN931 | ISO4014 | Hexagon head bolt ‐ part threaded |
BS3692 | DIN933 | ISO4017 | Hexagon head setscrew – fully threaded |
BS3692 | DIN934 | ISO4032 | Hexagon Full Nut |
BS3692 | DIN439/936 | ISO4035 | Hexagon Lock Nut |
BS4168 | DIN912 | ISO4762 | Hex Socket Cap |
BS4168 | N/A | ISO7380 | Hex Socket Button |
BS4168 | DIN7991 | ISO10642 | Hex Socket Countersunk |
BS4174 AB | DIN7981CZ | ISO7049CZ | Self tapping pan recess pointed |
BS4174 AB | DIN7982CZ | ISO7050CZ | Self tapping csk recess pointed |
BS4174 AB | DIN7983CZ | ISO7051CZ | Self tapping raised csk recess pointed |
BS4174 AB | N/A | N/A | Self tapping Flange recess pointed |
BS4174 B | DIN7981FZ | ISO7049FZ | Self tapping pan recess blunt |
BS4174 B | DIN7982FZ | ISO7050FZ | Self tapping csk recess blunt |
BS4174 B | N/A | N/A | Self tapping Flange recess blunt |
BS4174 B | DIN7971F | ISO1481F | Self tapping pan slotted blunt |
BS4174 B | DIN7972F | ISO1482F | Self tapping csk slotted blunt |
BS4174AB | DIN7971C | ISO1481C | Self tapping pan slotted pointed |
BS4174AB | DIN7972C | ISO1482C | Self tapping csk slotted pointed |
BS4174AB | DIN7983C | ISO1483C | Self tapping raised csk slotted pointed |
BS4183 | DIN7985 | ISO7045 | Pan recess machine screw |
BS4183 | DIN85 | ISO1580 | Pan slotted machine screw |
BS4183 | DIN965 | ISO7046 | Countersunk recess machine screw |
BS4183 | DIN963 | ISO2009 | Countersunk slotted machine screw |
BS4183 | DIN84 | ISO1207 | Cheese Slotted machine screw |
BS4183 | DIN966 | ISO7047 | Raised Csk Recess machine screw |
BS4183 | DIN964 | ISO2010 | Raised Csk Slotted machine screw |
BS4464A | DIN7980 | N/A | Square sect. single coil spring washer |
BS4464B | DIN127 | N/A | Rectangular sect. single coil spring washer |
N/A | DIN7981CH | ISO7049CH | Self tapping pan Phillips pointed |
N/A | DIN7982CH | ISO7050CH | Self tapping csk Phillips pointed |
N/A | DIN7983CH | ISO7051CH | Self tapping raised csk Phillips pointed |
N/A | DIN7981FH | ISO7049FH | Self tapping pan phillips blunt |
N/A | DIN6923 | ISO4161 | Hexagon Flange Nut |
N/A | DIN928 | N/A | Square Weld Nut |
N/A | DIN929 | N/A | Hexagon Weld Nut |
N/A | DIN6797J | N/A | Toothed lock washer – internal |
N/A | DIN6797A | N/A | Toothed lock washer – external |
مرجع متقابل استانداردها
توجه: جدول زیر فقط برای راهنمایی ارائه شده است زیرا اغلب تغییرات ابعادی بین استانداردها وجود دارد.
TYPE OF FASTENER | BRITISH STANDARD | DIN STANDARD | ISO STANDARD |
Self tapping pan recess pointed | BS 4174 AB | DIN7981CZ | ISO7049CZ |
Self tapping pan Phillips pointed | N/A | DIN7981CH | ISO7049CH |
Self tapping csk recess pointed | BS 4174 AB | DIN7982CZ | ISO7050CZ |
Self tapping csk Phillips pointed | N/A | DIN7982CH | ISO7050CH |
Self tapping raised csk recess pointed | BS4174 AB | DIN7983CZ | ISO7051CZ |
Self tapping raised csk Phillips pointed | N/A | DIN7983CH | ISO7051CH |
Self tapping Flange recess pointed | BS4174 AB | N/A | N/A |
Self tapping pan slotted pointed | BS4174AB | DIN7971C | ISO1481C |
Self tapping csk slotted pointed | BS4174AB | DIN7972C | ISO1482C |
Self tapping raised csk slotted pointed | BS4174AB | DIN7983C | ISO1483C |
Self tapping pan recess blunt | BS4174 B | DIN7981FZ | ISO7049FZ |
Self tapping pan phillips blunt | N/A | DIN7981FH | ISO7049FH |
Self tapping csk recess blunt | BS4174 B | DIN7982FZ | ISO7050FZ |
Self tapping Flange recess blunt | BS4174 B | N/A | N/A |
Self tapping pan slotted blunt | BS4174 B | DIN7971F | ISO1481F |
Self tapping csk slotted blunt | BS4174 B | DIN7972F | ISO1482F |
Hexagon head bolt ‐ part threaded | BS3692 | DIN931 | ISO4014 |
Hexagon head setscrew – fully threaded | BS3692 | DIN933 | ISO4017 |
Hexagon Full Nut | BS3692 | DIN934 | ISO4032 |
Hexagon Lock Nut | BS3692 | DIN439/936 | ISO4035 |
Hexagon Flange Nut | N/A | DIN6923 | ISO4161 |
Square Weld Nut | N/A | DIN928 | N/A |
Hexagon Weld Nut | N/A | DIN929 | N/A |
Hex Socket Cap | BS4168 | DIN912 | ISO4762 |
Hex Socket Button | BS4168 | N/A | ISO7380 |
Hex Socket Countersunk | BS4168 | DIN7991 | ISO10642 |
Hex Socket Setscrew Plain Cup point | BS EN ISO4029 | DIN916 | ISO4029 |
Hex Socket Setscrew Flat point | BS EN ISO4026 | DIN913 | ISO4026 |
Hex Socket Setscrew Dog point | BS EN ISO4028 | DIN915 | ISO4028 |
Hex Socket Setscrew Cone point | BS EN ISO4027 | DIN914 | ISO4027 |
Pan recess machine screw | BS4183 | DIN7985 | ISO7045 |
Pan slotted machine screw | BS4183 | DIN85 | ISO1580 |
Countersunk recess machine screw | BS4183 | DIN965 | ISO7046 |
Countersunk slotted machine screw | BS4183 | DIN963 | ISO2009 |
Cheese Slotted machine screw | BS4183 | DIN84 | ISO1207 |
Raised Csk Recess machine screw | BS4183 | DIN966 | ISO7047 |
Raised Csk Slotted machine screw | BS4183 | DIN964 | ISO2010 |
Toothed lock washer – internal | N/A | DIN6797J | N/A |
Toothed lock washer – external | N/A | DIN6797A | N/A |
Square sect. single coil spring washer | BS4464A | DIN7980 | N/A |
Rectangular sect. single coil spring washer | BS4464B | DIN127 | N/A |
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در نهایت
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DIN / ISO / EN Crossover Chart
Title DIN Standard | DIN | DIN EN ISO | DIN EN | DIN ISO | Comparable ISO Standard | Date of current standard/modified | Title of replacement standard | Comment |
All-metal prevailing torque type hexagon nuts |
980 |
7042 |
27042 |
7042 |
1998-02 | Prevailing torque type (all-metal hexagon nuts), style 2 – Property classes 5, 8, 10 and 12 |
Height of nut changed; width across flat according to ISO 272 included | |
All-metal prevailing torque type hexagon nuts |
980 |
10513 |
30513 |
10513 |
1998-02 | Prevailing torque type all-metal hexagon nuts, style 2, with metric fine pitch thread – | Height of nut changed; width across flat according to ISO 272 included |
Title DIN Standard | DIN | DIN EN ISO | DIN EN | DIN ISO | Comparable ISO Standard | Date of current standard/modified | Title of replacement standard | Comment |
Property classes 8, 10 and 12 | ||||||||
Clevis pins with head | 1434 | 22341 | 2341 | 1992-10 | Clevis pins with head | Only one head dimension. Some other nominal lengths defined | ||
Clevis pins with head | 1435 | 22341 | 2341 | 1992-10 | Clevis pins with head | Only one head dimension. Some other nominal lengths defined | ||
Clevis pins with head | 1436 | 22341 | 2341 | 1992-10 | Clevis pins with head | Only one head dimension. Some other nominal lengths defined | ||
Clevis pins with head | 1444 | 22341 | 2341 | 1992-10 | Clevis pins with head | Some other nominal lengths defined | ||
Clevis pins without head | 1433 | 22340 | 2340 | 1992-10 | Clevis pins without head | Some other nominal lengths defined | ||
Clevis pins without head | 1443 | 22340 | 2340 | 1992-10 | Clevis pins without head | |||
Countersunk (flat) head tapping screws with cross recess |
7982 |
7050 |
7050 |
1990-08 | Cross recessed countersunk (flat) head tapping screws (common head style) |
Head dimensions and countersunk angles changed | ||
Cross recessed countersunk (flat) head screws (Countersunk heads according to ISO) |
965 |
7046- 1 |
7046 |
7046-1 |
1994-10 | Countersunk flat head screws (common head style) with type H or type Z cross recess – Property class 4.8 | Nominal size changed; head dimension changed; thread length changed; strength 8.8 included (see Part 2); penetration depth of cross slots changed | |
Cross recessed countersunk | 966 | 7047 | 7047 | 7047 | 1994-10 | Countersunk raised head screws | Nominal size changed; head dimension changed; thread length |
Title DIN Standard | DIN | DIN EN ISO | DIN EN | DIN ISO | Comparable ISO Standard | Date of current standard/modified | Title of replacement standard | Comment |
(oval) head | (common | changed; strength 8.8 | ||||||
screws | head style) | omitted; penetration | ||||||
(Countersunk | with type H or | depth of cross slots | ||||||
heads | type Z cross | changed | ||||||
according to | recess – | |||||||
ISO) | Product grade | |||||||
A | ||||||||
Cross | Cross | Standard divided into five single standards (EN ISO 10666, 15480, 15481, 15482, 15483); thread ST 3.9 omitted; hexagon head with collar and slot (Form L) omitted | ||||||
recessed | recessed | |||||||
countersunk | countersunk | |||||||
head drilling | 7504 | 15482 | 15482 | 2000-02 | head drilling | |||
screws with | screws with | |||||||
tapping screw | tapping screw | |||||||
thread | thread | |||||||
Standard divided into | ||||||||
Cross | Cross | five single standards | ||||||
recessed pan | recessed pan | (EN ISO 10666, 15480, | ||||||
head drilling screws with | 7504 | 15481 | 15481 | 2000-02 | head drilling screws with | 15481, 15482, 15483); thread ST 3.9 omitted; | ||
tapping screw | tapping screw | hexagon head with | ||||||
thread | thread | collar and slot (Form L) | ||||||
omitted | ||||||||
Cross | Cross | Marginal change of head | ||||||
recessed pan head tapping | 7981 | 7049 | 7049 | 1990-08 | recessed pan head tapping | dimensions. Caution with automatic feed and | ||
screws | screws | connection systems | ||||||
Cross | Cross | Standard divided into | ||||||
recessed | recessed | five single standards | ||||||
raised | raised | (EN ISO 10666, 15480, | ||||||
countersunk head drilling | 7504 | 15483 | 15483 | 2000-02 | countersunk head drilling | 15481, 15482, 15483); thread ST 3.9 omitted; | ||
screws with | screws with | hexagon head with | ||||||
tapping screw | tapping screw | collar and slot (Form L) | ||||||
thread | thread | omitted | ||||||
Drilling | Drilling screws with tapping screw thread – Mechanical and functional properties | Standard divided into five single standards (EN ISO 10666, 15480, 15481, 15482, 15483); thread ST 3.9 omitted; hexagon head with collar and slot (Form L) omitted | ||||||
screws with | ||||||||
tapping screw | ||||||||
thread – | 7504 | 10666 | 10666 | 2000-02 | ||||
Mechanical | ||||||||
and functional | ||||||||
properties |
Title DIN Standard | DIN | DIN EN ISO | DIN EN | DIN ISO | Comparable ISO Standard | Date of current standard/modified | Title of replacement standard | Comment |
Grooved pins – Full-length parallel grooved, with chamfer |
1473 |
8740 |
28740 |
8740 |
1998-03 | Grooved pins – Full-length parallel grooved, with chamfer | Nominal lengths redefined. Shear rate increased. | |
Grooved pins – Fulllength parallel grooved, with pilot |
1470 |
8739 |
28739 |
8739 |
1998-03 | Grooved pins – Full-length parallel grooved, with pilot | Nominal lengths redefined. Shear rate increased. | |
Grooved pins – Fulllength taper grooved | 1471 | 8744 | 28744 | 8744 | 1998-03 | Grooved pins – Full-length taper grooved | Nominal lengths redefined. Shear rate increased. | |
Grooved pins – Half-length reverse-taper grooved | 1474 | 8741 | 28741 | 8741 | 1998-03 | Grooved pins – Half-length reverse-taper grooved | Nominal lengths redefined. Shear rate increased. | |
Grooved pins – Half-length taper grooved | 1472 | 8745 | 28745 | 8745 | 1998-03 | Grooved pins – Half-length taper grooved | Nominal lengths redefined. Shear rate increased. | |
Grooved pins – One-third- length centre grooved | 1475 | 8742 | 28742 | 8742 | 1998-03 | Grooved pins – One-third- length centre grooved | Nominal lengths redefined. Shear rate increased. | |
Grooved pins with countersunk head | 1477 | 8747 | 28747 | 8747 | 1998-03 | Grooved pins with countersunk head | Chamfer redefined | |
Grooved pins with round head | 1476 | 8746 | 28746 | 8746 | 1998-03 | Grooved pins with round head | Chamfer redefined | |
Hexagon Bolts without Hexagon Nut – with Hexagon Nut, Type g |
601 |
4016 |
24016 |
4016 |
4016 |
2001-03 | Hexagon head bolts – Product grade C | Nominal size extended; width across flats according to DIN ISO 272 included |
Hexagon bolts, Metric | 960 | 8765 | 28765 | 8765 | 8765 | 2001-03 | Hexagon thin nuts | Nominal size extended; width across flats |
Title DIN Standard | DIN | DIN EN ISO | DIN EN | DIN ISO | Comparable ISO Standard | Date of current standard/modified | Title of replacement standard | Comment |
fine thread, Types m and mg | (chamfered) with metric fine pitch thread – Product grades A and B | according to DIN ISO 272 included | ||||||
Hexagon flange bolts |
6921 |
1665 |
8102 |
1998-11 | Hexagon bolts with flange, heavy series | Dimensions partially changed; width across flats according to ISO 272; strength 12.9 omitted | ||
Hexagon head bolts with shank; M 1,6 to M 39 screw threads, Product grades A and B |
931-1 |
4014 |
24014 |
4014 |
4014 |
2001-03 |
Hexagon head bolts – Product grades A and B |
Nominal size extended; width across flats according to DIN ISO 272 included |
Hexagon head screws – Product grades A and B |
933 |
4017 |
24017 |
4017 |
4017 |
2001-03 | Hexagon head screws – Product grades A and B | Nominal size extended; width across flats according to DIN ISO 272 included |
Hexagon nuts with flange |
6923 |
1661 |
4161 |
1998-02 | Hexagon nuts with flange | Fine thread omitted to be included in a separate standard later); width across flat M10 changed | ||
Hexagon nuts; Metric Thread, Type g | 555 | 4034 | 24034 | 4034 | 4034 | 2001-03 | Hexagon nuts – Product grade C | Width across flats according to DIN ISO 272 included; nominal diameter reduced |
Hexagon nuts; Metric screw threads; Product grades A and B |
934 |
4032 |
24032 |
4032 |
4032 |
2001-03 | Hexagon nuts, style 1 – Product grades A and B | Nominal diameter changed, height of the nut changed partially; nuts with fine thread specified in DIN EN ISO 8673; width across flats according to DIN ISO 272 included |
Title DIN Standard | DIN | DIN EN ISO | DIN EN | DIN ISO | Comparable ISO Standard | Date of current standard/modified | Title of replacement standard | Comment |
Hexagon nuts; Metric screw threads; Product grades A and B |
934 |
8673 |
28673 |
8673 |
2001-03 | Hexagon nuts, style 1, with metric fine pitch thread – Product grades A and B | Nominal diameter changed, height of the nut changed partially; nuts with regular type screw thread specified in DIN EN ISO 4032; width across flats according to DIN ISO 272 included | |
Hexagon screws, Thread Approximately to Head, Metric Thread, Type g |
558 |
4018 |
24018 |
4018 |
4018 |
2001-03 |
Hexagon head screws – Product grade C |
Nominal size extended; width across flats according to DIN ISO 272 included |
Hexagon socket countersunk head screws | 7991 | 10642 | 10462 | 2004-06 | Hexagon socket countersunk head screws | |||
Hexagon socket head cap screws | 912 | 4762 | 4762 | 2004-06 | Hexagon socket head cap screws | Nominal size range changed; fine thread deleted (ISO 21269) | ||
Hexagon socket set screws with cone point | 914 | 4027 | 4027 | 2004-05 | Hexagon socket set screws with cone point | Nominal sizes M1.4, M1.8, M14, M18 and M22 omitted | ||
Hexagon socket set screws with cup point | 916 | 4029 | 4029 | 2004-05 | Hexagon socket set screws with cup point | |||
Hexagon socket set screws with dog point | 915 | 4028 | 4028 | 2004-05 | Hexagon socket set screws with dog point | Nominal sizes M1.4, M1.8, M14, M18 and M22 omitted | ||
Hexagon socket set screws with flat point | 913 | 4026 | 4026 | 2004-05 | Hexagon socket set screws with flat point | Nominal sizes M1.4, M1.8, M14, M18 and M22 omitted |
Title DIN Standard | DIN | DIN EN ISO | DIN EN | DIN ISO | Comparable ISO Standard | Date of current standard/modified | Title of replacement standard | Comment |
Hexagon thin nuts with M 1,6 to M 10 threads |
439-1 |
4036 |
24036 |
4036 |
4036 |
2001-02 | Hexagon thin nuts (unchamfered) – Product grade B | Correlation of dimensions with DIN 439-1, except for the width across flat of the nut M10 |
Hexagon thin nuts with M 1,6 to M 52 and M 8×1 to M 52×3 threads |
439-2 |
4035 |
24035 |
4035 |
2001-03 | Hexagon thin nuts (unchamfered) – Product grades A and B | In tables 1 and 2 abbreviations changed and some specifications (thread dimensions) changed | |
Hexagon thin nuts with M 1,6 to M 52 and M 8×1 to M 52×3 threads |
439-2 |
4035 |
24035 |
4035 |
4035 |
2001-03 | Hexagon thin nuts (unchamfered) – Product grades A and B | Standard divided by regular type screw threads and fine threads; width across flats according to ISO 272 changed; nominal size range changed; fine thread see ISO 8675 |
Hexagon thin nuts with M 1,6 to M 52 and M 8×1 to M 52×3 threads |
439-2 |
8675 |
28675 |
8675 |
2001-03 | Hexagon thin nuts (unchamfered) with metric fine pitch thread – Product grades A and B | Standard divided by regular type screw threads and fine threads; width across flats according to ISO 272 changed; nominal size range changed; regular type screw thread see ISO 4035 | |
Hexagon washers head drilling screws with tapping screw thread |
7504 |
15480 |
15480 |
2000-02 | Hexagon washers head drilling screws with tapping screw thread | Standard divided into five single standards (EN ISO 10666, 15480, 15481, 15482, 15483); thread ST 3,9 omitted; hexagon head with collar and slot (Form L) omitted | ||
High-strength hexagon head bolts with large widths across flats for structural steel bolting |
6914 |
14399- 4 |
7412 |
2006-06 | High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading – Part 4: System HV – Hexagon bolt |
Title DIN Standard | DIN | DIN EN ISO | DIN EN | DIN ISO | Comparable ISO Standard | Date of current standard/modified | Title of replacement standard | Comment |
and nut assemblies | ||||||||
High-strength hexagon nuts with large widths across flats for structural steel bolting |
6915 |
14399- 4 |
2006-06 | High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading – Part 4: System HV – Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies | ||||
M 8×1 to M 100×4 hexagon head bolts with fine pitch thread |
961 |
8676 |
28676 |
8676 |
8676 |
2001-03 | Hexagon head screws with metric fine pitch thread – Product grades A and B | Nominal size extended; width across flats according to DIN ISO 272 included |
Mushroom head square neck bolts | 603 | 8677 | 1981-10 | |||||
Parallel pins of unhardened steel and austenitic stainless steel |
7 |
2338 |
22338 |
2338 |
1998-02 | Parallel pins of unhardened steel and austenitic stainless steel | Nominal length redefined (with round end) form A+C deleted | |
Parallel pins with internal thread |
7979 |
8735 |
28735 |
8735 |
1998-03 | Parallel pins with internal thread, of hardened and martensitic stainless steel |
Dimensions partially changed | |
Parallel pins with internal thread, of unhardened and austenitic stainless steel |
7979 |
8733 |
28733 |
8733 |
1998-03 | Parallel pins with internal thread, of unhardened and austenitic stainless steel |
Dimensions partially changed | |
Parallel pins, | 6325 | 8734 | 28734 | 8734 | 1998-03 | Parallel pins of | Some other nominal |
Title DIN Standard | DIN | DIN EN ISO | DIN EN | DIN ISO | Comparable ISO Standard | Date of current standard/modified | Title of replacement standard | Comment |
Hardened; Tolerance Zone m6 | hardened and martensitic stainless steel (Dowel pins) | lengths defined | ||||||
Plain washers – Extra large series, product grade C |
440 |
7094 |
7094 |
2000-12 | Plain washers – Extra large series, product grade C | Nominal sizes changed, nominal size 24 size “a” redefined to the maximum, square-end hole Form R omitted; (standard DIN 440 still valid) | ||
Plain washers for clevis pins; product grade A | 1440 | 28738 | 8738 | 1992-10 | Plain washers for clevis pins; product grade A | Nominal sizes changed | ||
Prevailing torque type – All-metal hexagon nuts with flange |
6927 |
1664 |
7044 |
1998-02 | Prevailing torque type – All-metal hexagon nuts with flange | Width across flat M10 changed | ||
Prevailing torque type all-metal hexagon nuts |
6925 |
7042 |
27042 |
7042 |
1998-02 | Prevailing torque type (all-metal hexagon nuts), style 2 – Property classes 5, 8, 10 and 12 |
Height of nut changed; width across flat according to ISO 272 included | |
Prevailing torque type all-metal hexagon nuts |
6925 |
10513 |
30513 |
10513 |
1998-02 | Prevailing torque type all-metal hexagon nuts, style 2, with metric fine pitch thread – Property classes 8, 10 and 12 |
Height of nut changed; width across flat according to ISO 272 included | |
Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts with flange (with non- | 6926 | 1666 | 12125 | 1998-02 | Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts with flange (with non- | Width across flat M10 changed |
Title DIN Standard | DIN | DIN EN ISO | DIN EN | DIN ISO | Comparable ISO Standard | Date of current standard/modified | Title of replacement standard | Comment |
metallic insert), with metric fine pitch thread | metallic insert), with metric fine pitch thread | |||||||
Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts with non- metallic insert |
982 |
7040 |
27040 |
7040 |
1998-02 | Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts (with non- metallic insert), style 1 – Property classes 5, 8 and 10 |
Height of nut changed; width across flat according to ISO 272 included | |
Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts with non- metallic insert |
982 |
10512 |
30512 |
10512 |
1998-02 | Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts (with non- metallic insert), style 1, with metric fine pitch thread – Property classes 6, 8 and 10 |
Height of nut changed; width across flat according to ISO 272 included | |
Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts with non- metallic insert |
6924 |
7040 |
27040 |
7040 |
1998-02 | Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts (with non- metallic insert), style 1 – Property classes 5, 8 and 10 |
Height of nut changed; width across flat according to ISO 272 included | |
Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts with non- metallic insert |
6924 |
10512 |
30512 |
10512 |
1998-02 | Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts (with non- metallic insert), style 1, with metric fine pitch thread – Property classes 6, 8 |
Height of nut changed; width across flat according to ISO 272 included |
Title DIN Standard | DIN | DIN EN ISO | DIN EN | DIN ISO | Comparable ISO Standard | Date of current standard/modified | Title of replacement standard | Comment |
and 10 | ||||||||
Prevailing torque type hexagon thin nuts with non-metallic insert |
985 |
10511 |
10511 |
1998-02 | Prevailing torque type hexagon, thin nuts (with non-metallic insert) | Height of nut changed; width across flat according to ISO 272 included | ||
Product grade A washers with a hardness from 300 HV, designed for use with hexagon head bolts and nuts |
125-2 |
7089 |
7089 |
2000-11 |
Plain washers – Normal series, Product grade A |
Without chamfer, up to nominal diameter 64 | ||
Product grade A washers with a hardness from 300 HV, designed for use with hexagon head bolts and nuts |
125-2 |
7090 |
7090 |
1990-03 |
Plain washers, chamfered – Normal series, Product grade A |
Without chamfer, up to nominal diameter 64 | ||
Product grade A washers with a hardness up to 250 HV, designed for use with cheese head screws |
433-1 |
7092 |
7092 |
2000-11 |
Plain washers – Small series, Product grade A |
Pyramid diamond hardness 140 HV cancelled; rating changed | ||
Product grade A washers with a hardness up to 250 HV, designed for use with hexagon head bolts and nuts |
125-1 |
7089 |
7089 |
2000-11 |
Plain washers – Normal series, Product grade A |
Without chamfer, up to nominal diameter 64 |
Title DIN Standard | DIN | DIN EN ISO | DIN EN | DIN ISO | Comparable ISO Standard | Date of current standard/modified | Title of replacement standard | Comment |
Product grade A washers with a hardness up to 250 HV, designed for use with hexagon head bolts and nuts |
125-1 |
7090 |
7090 |
1990-03 |
Plain washers, chamfered – Normal series, Product grade A |
Without chamfer, up to nominal diameter 64 | ||
Product grade A washers with a hardness up to 300 HV, designed for use with cheese head screws |
433-2 |
7092 |
7092 |
2000-11 |
Plain washers – Small series, Product grade A |
Nominal sizes changed | ||
Product grade C washers, designed for use with hexagon head bolts and nuts |
126 |
7091 |
7091 |
2000-11 | Plain washers – Normal series, Product grade C |
Nominal sizes changed | ||
Raised countersunk (oval) head; tapping screws with cross recess |
7983 |
7051 |
7051 |
1990-08 | Cross recessed raised countersunk (oval) head tapping screws |
Head dimensions and countersunk angles changed | ||
Recessed raised cheese (fillister) head screws |
7985 |
7045 |
7045 |
1994-10 | Pan head screws with type H or type Z cross recess – product grade A | Nominal size changed; head dimension changed; thread length changed; penetration depth of cross slots changed | ||
Slotted cheese head screws – Product grade A |
84 |
1207 |
1207 |
1994-10 | Slotted cheese head screws – Product grade A | Modifications of dimensions < 2,5; dimension of slots changed; partly nominal lengths deleted; strength 8.8 deleted |
Title DIN Standard | DIN | DIN EN ISO | DIN EN | DIN ISO | Comparable ISO Standard | Date of current standard/modified | Title of replacement standard | Comment |
Slotted countersunk (flat) head screws (Countersunk heads according to ISO) |
963 |
2009 |
2009 |
2009 |
1994-10 | Slotted countersunk flat head screws (common head style) – Product grade A | Nominal size changed; head dimension changed; thread length changed; strength 8.8 cancelled | |
Slotted headless screws with shank | 427 | 2342 | 2342 | 2004-05 | Slotted headless screws with shank | |||
Slotted pan head screws – Product grade A | 85 | 1580 | 1580 | 1994-10 | Slotted pan head screws – Product grade A | Thread included; dimensions of head and slot changed; strength 8.8 deleted | ||
Slotted raised countersunk (oval) head screws (Countersunk heads according to ISO) |
964 |
2010 |
2010 |
2010 |
1994-10 | Slotted raised countersunk head screws (common head style) – Product grade A | Nominal size changed; head dimension changed; thread length changed; strength 8.8 cancelled | |
Slotted set screws with cone point | 553 | 27434 | 7434 | 1992-10 | Slotted set screws with cone point | No modifications of dimensions | ||
Slotted set screws with cup point | 7976 | 1479 | 1479 | 1990-08 | Hexagon head tapping screws | No modifications of dimensions | ||
Slotted set screws with flat point | 551 | 24766 | 4766 | 1992-10 | Slotted set screws with flat point | No modifications of dimensions | ||
Slotted set screws with long dog point | 94 | 1234 | 1234 | 1998-02 | Split pins | No modifications of dimensions | ||
Slotted set screws with long dog point | 417 | 27435 | 7435 | 1992-10 | Slotted set screws with long dog point | No modifications of dimensions |
Title DIN Standard | DIN | DIN EN ISO | DIN EN | DIN ISO | Comparable ISO Standard | Date of current standard/modified | Title of replacement standard | Comment |
Spring-type straight pins – Coiled, heavy duty | 7344 | 8748 | 28748 | 8748 | 8748 | 2007-06 | Spring-type straight pins – Coiled, heavy duty | Range of nominal diameters and lengths extended. Shear range changed. |
Spring-type straight pins – Coiled, standard duty | 7343 | 8750 | 28750 | 8750 | 8750 | 2007-06 | Spring-type straight pins – Coiled, standard duty | Range of nominal diameters and lengths extended. Shear range changed. |
Spring-type straight pins – Slotted, heavy duty |
1481 |
8752 |
28752 |
8752 |
1998-03 | Spring-type straight pins – Slotted, heavy duty | Specification “non- jamming” included; chamfer redefined; partial change of dimensions | |
Spring-type straight pins, slotted, light duty |
7346 |
13337 |
3337 |
2009-10 | Spring-type straight pins – Slotted, light duty | Specification “non- jamming” included; chamfer redefined; partial change of dimensions | ||
Thread rolling screws for ISO metric thread – Part 1: Technical specifications for case hardened and tempered screws |
7500- 1 |
7085 |
2009-06 |
Thread rolling screws for ISO-metric thread |
Normative revision, values for case- hardening depth and hole size revised, torque values reduced | |||
Unhardened taper pins | 1 | 22339 | 2339 | 1992-10 | Unhardened taper pins | Nominal length redefined (with round end) | ||
Unhardened taper pins with external thread | 7977 | 28737 | 8737 | 1992-10 | Unhardened taper pins with external thread | Technical delivery conditions partially changed | ||
Unhardened taper pins with internal thread | 7978 | 28736 | 8736 | 1992-10 | Unhardened taper pins with internal thread | Dimensions partially changed |
Title DIN Standard | DIN | DIN EN ISO | DIN EN | DIN ISO | Comparable ISO Standard | Date of current standard/modified | Title of replacement standard | Comment |
High-strength | ||||||||
Washers for high tensile bolting in steel structures |
6916 |
14399- 6 |
7416 |
2006-06 | structural bolting assemblies for preloading – Part 6: Plain chamfered | |||
washers | ||||||||
Washers; | Plain washers | |||||||
outside diameter ˜ 3 x bolt | 9021 | 7093- 1 | 7093-1 | 2000-11 | – Large series – Part 1: Product grade | Dimensions partially changed | ||
diameter | A | |||||||
Washers; | Plain washers | |||||||
outside diameter approx. 3 x | 9021 | 7093- 2 | 7093-2 | 2000-11 | – Large series – Part 2: Product grade | Dimensions partially changed | ||
bolt diameter | C |
جدول تبدیل سختی
معادل های تقریبی اعداد سختی Rockwell B برای فلزات نرم
HV/10 | B | E | F | G | H | K | 15‐T | 30‐T | 45‐T | 500kg | 3000kg |
254 | 100 | 83 | 93 | 82 | 72 | 201 | 240 | ||||
248 | 99 | 81 | 93 | 82 | 71 | 195 | 234 | ||||
243 | 98 | 79 | 93 | 81 | 70 | 189 | 228 | ||||
238 | 97 | 78 | 92 | 81 | 69 | 184 | 222 |
234 | 97 | 77 | 92 | 80 | 69 | 181 | 218 | |
230 | 96 | 76 | 92 | 80 | 68 | 179 | 214 | |
226 | 96 | 75 | 92 | 80 | 68 | 177 | 210 | |
222 | 95 | 74 | 92 | 79 | 67 | 175 | 208 | |
217 | 95 | 73 | 92 | 79 | 67 | 171 | 205 | |
213 | 94 | 73 | 91 | 79 | 66 | 169 | 203 | |
208 | 93 | 71 | 91 | 78 | 66 | 167 | 200 | |
204 | 92 | 70 | 100 | 91 | 78 | 65 | 163 | 195 |
200 | 92 | 69 | 100 | 91 | 77 | 64 | 162 | 193 |
196 | 91 | 68 | 100 | 90 | 77 | 64 | 160 | 190 |
192 | 90 | 66 | 99 | 90 | 76 | 63 | 157 | 185 |
188 | 89 | 64 | 98 | 90 | 76 | 62 | 154 | 180 |
184 | 88 | 63 | 97 | 90 | 75 | 61 | 151 | 176 |
180 | 87 | 61 | 97 | 89 | 75 | 60 | 148 | 172 |
176 | 86 | 59 | 96 | 89 | 74 | 59 | 145 | 169 |
172 | 85 | 58 | 95 | 89 | 74 | 58 | 142 | 165 |
168 | 84 | 56 | 94 | 88 | 73 | 57 | 140 | 162 |
164 | 83 | 54 | 93 | 88 | 72 | 56 | 137 | 159 |
160 | 82 | 53 | 92 | 88 | 72 | 55 | 135 | 156 |
156 | 81 | 51 | 91 | 87 | 71 | 54 | 133 | 153 |
152 | 80 | 49 | 91 | 87 | 70 | 53 | 130 | 150 |
148 | 79 | 48 | 90 | 87 | 70 | 52 | 128 | 147 |
144 | 78 | 46 | 89 | 86 | 69 | 51 | 126 | 144 |
141 | 77 | 44 | 88 | 86 | 68 | 50 | 124 | 141 |
139 | 76 | 43 | 87 | 86 | 68 | 49 | 122 | 139 | ||
137 | 75 | 100 | 41 | 86 | 85 | 67 | 49 | 120 | 137 | |
135 | 74 | 99 | 39 | 85 | 85 | 66 | 48 | 118 | 135 | |
132 | 73 | 99 | 38 | 85 | 85 | 66 | 47 | 116 | 132 | |
130 | 72 | 98 | 36 | 84 | 84 | 65 | 46 | 114 | 130 | |
127 | 71 | 100 | 98 | 35 | 83 | 84 | 64 | 45 | 112 | 127 |
125 | 70 | 100 | 97 | 33 | 82 | 84 | 64 | 44 | 110 | 125 |
123 | 69 | 99 | 96 | 31 | 81 | 83 | 63 | 43 | 109 | 123 |
120 | 68 | 98 | 96 | 30 | 80 | 83 | 62 | 42 | 107 | 121 |
118 | 67 | 98 | 95 | 28 | 79 | 83 | 62 | 41 | 106 | 119 |
116 | 66 | 97 | 95 | 27 | 78 | 82 | 61 | 40 | 104 | 117 |
115 | 65 | 96 | 94 | 25 | 78 | 82 | 60 | 39 | 102 | 116 |
114 | 64 | 96 | 94 | 24 | 77 | 82 | 60 | 38 | 101 | 114 |
113 | 63 | 95 | 93 | 22 | 76 | 81 | 59 | 37 | 99 | 112 |
112 | 62 | 95 | 92 | 21 | 75 | 81 | 58 | 36 | 98 | 110 |
111 | 61 | 94 | 92 | 19 | 74 | 81 | 57 | 35 | 96 | 108 |
110 | 60 | 93 | 91 | 18 | 73 | 81 | 57 | 34 | 95 | 107 |
108 | 59 | 93 | 91 | 16 | 72 | 80 | 56 | 32 | 94 | 106 |
107 | 58 | 92 | 90 | 15 | 71 | 80 | 55 | 31 | 92 | 104 |
106 | 57 | 91 | 90 | 13 | 71 | 80 | 55 | 30 | 91 | 102 |
105 | 56 | 91 | 89 | 12 | 70 | 79 | 54 | 29 | 90 | 101 |
104 | 55 | 90 | 88 | 10 | 69 | 79 | 53 | 28 | 89 | 99 |
103 | 54 | 90 | 88 | 9 | 68 | 79 | 53 | 27 | 87 | |
102 | 53 | 89 | 87 | 7 | 67 | 78 | 52 | 26 | 86 |
101 | 52 | 88 | 87 | 6 | 66 | 78 | 51 | 25 | 85 | |
100 | 51 | 88 | 86 | 4 | 65 | 78 | 51 | 24 | 84 | |
100 | 50 | 87 | 86 | 3 | 65 | 77 | 50 | 23 | 83 | |
99 | 49 | 87 | 85 | 64 | 77 | 49 | 22 | 82 | ||
98 | 48 | 86 | 85 | 63 | 77 | 49 | 21 | 81 | ||
97 | 47 | 85 | 84 | 62 | 76 | 48 | 20 | 80 | ||
96 | 46 | 85 | 83 | 61 | 76 | 47 | 19 | 79 | ||
95 | 45 | 84 | 83 | 60 | 76 | 46 | 18 | 79 | ||
95 | 44 | 84 | 82 | 59 | 75 | 46 | 17 | 78 | ||
94 | 43 | 83 | 82 | 58 | 75 | 45 | 16 | 77 | ||
93 | 42 | 82 | 81 | 58 | 75 | 44 | 15 | 76 | ||
92 | 41 | 82 | 81 | 57 | 74 | 44 | 14 | 75 | ||
91 | 40 | 81 | 80 | 56 | 74 | 43 | 13 | 74 | ||
90 | 39 | 80 | 79 | 55 | 74 | 42 | 11 | 74 | ||
90 | 38 | 80 | 79 | 54 | 73 | 42 | 10 | 73 | ||
89 | 37 | 79 | 78 | 53 | 73 | 41 | 9 | 72 | ||
88 | 36 | 79 | 78 | 100 | 52 | 73 | 40 | 8 | 71 | |
88 | 35 | 78 | 77 | 100 | 52 | 72 | 40 | 7 | 71 | |
87 | 34 | 77 | 77 | 99 | 51 | 72 | 39 | 6 | 70 | |
87 | 33 | 77 | 76 | 99 | 50 | 72 | 38 | 5 | 69 | |
86 | 32 | 76 | 75 | 99 | 49 | 71 | 38 | 4 | 68 | |
86 | 31 | 76 | 75 | 98 | 48 | 71 | 37 | 3 | 68 | |
85 | 30 | 75 | 74 | 98 | 47 | 71 | 36 | 2 | 67 | |
85 | 29 | 74 | 74 | 98 | 46 | 70 | 36 | 1 | 66 |
84 | 28 | 74 | 73 | 97 | 45 | 70 | 35 | 66 |
84 | 27 | 73 | 73 | 97 | 45 | 70 | 34 | 65 |
83 | 26 | 73 | 72 | 97 | 44 | 69 | 33 | 65 |
83 | 25 | 72 | 71 | 96 | 42 | 69 | 33 | 64 |
82 | 24 | 71 | 71 | 96 | 42 | 69 | 32 | 64 |
82 | 23 | 71 | 70 | 96 | 41 | 68 | 31 | 63 |
81 | 22 | 70 | 70 | 95 | 40 | 68 | 31 | 63 |
81 | 21 | 70 | 69 | 95 | 39 | 68 | 30 | 62 |
80 | 20 | 69 | 69 | 95 | 38 | 68 | 29 | 62 |
80 | 19 | 68 | 68 | 94 | 38 | 67 | 29 | 61 |
79 | 18 | 68 | 67 | 94 | 37 | 67 | 28 | 61 |
79 | 17 | 67 | 67 | 93 | 36 | 67 | 27 | 60 |
78 | 16 | 67 | 66 | 93 | 35 | 66 | 26 | 60 |
78 | 15 | 66 | 66 | 93 | 34 | 66 | 26 | 59 |
77 | 14 | 65 | 65 | 92 | 33 | 66 | 25 | 59 |
77 | 13 | 65 | 65 | 92 | 32 | 65 | 24 | 58 |
76 | 12 | 64 | 64 | 92 | 32 | 65 | 24 | 58 |
76 | 11 | 64 | 64 | 91 | 31 | 65 | 23 | 57 |
75 | 10 | 63 | 63 | 91 | 30 | 64 | 22 | 57 |
75 | 9 | 62 | 62 | 91 | 29 | 64 | 22 | 56 |
74 | 8 | 62 | 62 | 90 | 28 | 64 | 21 | 56 |
74 | 7 | 61 | 61 | 90 | 27 | 63 | 20 | 56 |
73 | 6 | 61 | 61 | 90 | 26 | 63 | 20 | 55 |
73 | 5 | 60 | 60 | 89 | 26 | 63 | 19 | 55 | |||||
72 | 4 | 59 | 60 | 89 | 25 | 62 | 18 | 55 | |||||
72 | 3 | 59 | 59 | 88 | 24 | 62 | 17 | 54 | |||||
71 | 2 | 58 | 58 | 88 | 23 | 62 | 17 | 54 | |||||
71 | 1 | 58 | 58 | 88 | 22 | 61 | 16 | 53 | |||||
70 | 0 | 57 | 57 | 87 | 21 | 61 | 15 | 53 | |||||
HV/10 | B | E | F | G | H | K | 15‐T | 30‐T | 45‐ | 500kg | 3000kg |
جدول مقاومت شیمیایی برای پیچ های A2 و A4
طبقه بندی مقاومت در برابر خوردگی:
0 = مقاومت
1 = قابل استفاده در مناطق خاص
2 = تقریباً هیچ مقاومتی وجود ندارد، عملاً غیر قابل استفاده است
3 = بدون مقاومت
L = خطر سوراخ شدن حتی در کلاس مقاوم
Effluent water (with traces of sulphuric acid) | – | up to 40° | 0 | 0 |
Acetone CH3COCH3 | all concentrations | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Acetyl chloride Ch3CoCl | – | boiling | 1 | 0 |
Aluminium Al | molten 750° | 3 | 3 | |
Aluminium Chloride L Al Cl3,6H2O | 5% | 50° | 2 | 1 |
Formic Acid H•COOH | 10% 15% 100% | 20° 20° 20° | 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 |
Ammonia NH3 | – | – | 0 | 0 |
Ammonium chloride (sal ammoniac) L NH4OH | 10% 25% 50% cold and hot saturated | boiling boiling boiling 20° boiling | 0 1 2 0 2 | 0 1 1 0 1 |
Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH | all | 20° boiling | 0 | 0 |
Ammonium perchlorate L NH4CIO4 | 10% | 20° boiling | 0 0 | 0 0 |
Aniline C6H7NH2 | 20° | 0 | 0 | |
Malic acid (COOH)2CH2CH OH | up to 50% | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Cider | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) C2H5OH | all concentrations | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Ethyl ether (C2H5)2•O | – | boiling | 0 | 0 |
Atmosphere | – | – | 0 | 0 |
Petrol | all concentrations | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Benzoic acid C6H5CO O OH | all concentrations | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Beer | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Blood | – | – | 0 | 0 |
Spirits | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Bromine Br L | – | 20° boiling | 3 3 | 3 3 |
Buttermilk | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Butyric acid C3H7COOh | 100% | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Chlorine Cl Gas in dry state Gas in moist state L |
–
– | 20°
20°
100° | 0
3
3 | 0
3
3 |
Chloride of lime L Ca (IO)2, CaO, 2 H2O Bleaching solution | dry moist 2.5g Cl/l | 20° 20° 20° | 0 1 1 | 0 1 0 |
Chloroform CH CL3 | water free | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Chlorine water L =cold water saturated with water | – | 20° | 1 | 1 |
Hydrogen chloride gas L HCI | – – – – | 20° 50° 100° 400° | 1 1 2 3 | 1 1 1 3 |
Chromic oxide CrO3 | 10% pure 50% pure | 20° 20° | 0 1 | 0 1 |
Ferrogallic ink L | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Iron phosphate solution, bonder process | – | 98° | 0 | 0 |
Mineral oil | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Vinegar = spirit vinegar | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Acetic acid | 10% | 20° | 0 | 0 |
CH3COOH | 50% | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Glacial acetic acide boiling | 100% | 20° boiling | 0 1 | 0 1 |
Acetic acid + hydrogen peroxide CH3COOH + H2O2 | 10 u. 50% | 20° 50° 90° | 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 |
Dyer’s bath alkaline or neutral organically acid slightly sulphuric acid or organically acid + sulphuric acid (H2SO4 below 1%) | –
–
– | 20° boiling boiling
20° boiling | 0 0 0
0 1 | 0 0 0
0 |
Oleic acid C17H33COOH | 30 bar technical | 150° | 0 | 0 |
Oleic acid + traces H2SO4 | – | hot | 2 | 1 |
Meat | – | – | 0 | 0 |
Hydrofluoric acid = hydrogen fluoride H2 F2 | 40% | 20° | 3 | 3 |
Fruit juices and fruit acids | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Vegetables | – | boiling | 0 | 0 |
Tannic acid = tannin | 5% | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Glycerin C3 H5 (OH)3 | conc. | 20° boiling | 0 0 | 0 0 |
Pit water | acid | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Urine L | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Iodine I L | dry moist | 20° 20° | 0 1 | 0 0 |
Coffee | – | 20° boiling | 0 0 | 0 0 |
Potassium aluminium sulphate = alum KAL(SO4)2, 12H2O) | 10% | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Potassium chloride L K Cl | hot saturated | 20° boiling | 0 0 | 0 0 |
Potassium ferricyanide = red prussiate of potash K3(Fe[CN]6) | – | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Potassium ferrocyanide = yellow prussiate or potash K4[Fe(CN)6], 3 H2O) | – | 20° boiling | 0 0 | 0 0 |
Potassium hydroxide = caustic potash solution | 20% | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Caustic potash KOH | 50% | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Potassium permanganate K Mn O4 | all concentrations | 20° boiling | 0 0 | 0 0 |
Calcium chloride L CaCL2, 6H2O | cold saturated | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 = milk of lime | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Cheese | – | 20% | 0 | 0 |
Carbon dioxide = carbonic acid CO2 | dry moist | hot hot | 0 0 | 0 0 |
Carbon tetrachloride C CL4 | water free | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Aqua regia L H CL + HNO3 | – | 20° | 3 | 3 |
Cupric sulphate CuSO4, 5H20 = copper vitriol +3% H2SO4 | all concs. | 20° boiling 20° boiling | 0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0 |
Glue (including acid) | – | boiling | 0 | 0 |
Linseed oil +3% H2SO4 | – | 20° 200° | 0 0 | 0 0 |
Magnesium sulphate MgSO4, 7H2O = Epsom salts | concentrated | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Methyl alcohol CH3OH | all concentrations | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Milk | fresh sour | up to 70° c up to 70° C | 0 0 | 0 0 |
Lactic acid | 1.5% | 20° | 0 | 0 |
CH3 CHOH COOH | 80% | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Mixed acids (nitrating acids) | 50% H2SO4 +50% HNO3
75% H2SO4 +25% HNO3
20% H2SO4 +15% HNO3
70% H2SO4 + 10% HNO3
30% H2SO4 +5% HNO3 |
50 °
50 °
50 °
50°
50 ° |
0
1
0
0
0 |
0
0
0
0
0 |
Monochloracetic acid L CH2 Cl COO H | 50% | 20° | 1 | 1 |
Sodium chloride L NaCl = cooking salt | cold saturated hot saturated | 20°
100° 100° | 0
1 1 | 0
0 1 |
Sodium chloride L Na Cl O2 Sodium hydroxide =caustic soda solution =caustic soda NaOH | 5%
25%
50% | 20° boiling 20°
boiling | 2 3 0
2 | 2 2 0
2 |
Sodium hypochlorite L NaClO =bleaching solution | 5% | 20°
boiling | 1
1 | 1
1 |
Sodium carbonate Na2 CO3, 10 H2O | 10% cold saturated | boiling | 0 | 0 |
Sodium sulphate Na2 SO4, 10 H2O | cold saturated | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Novacaine | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Fruit pulp containing SO2 | – | – | 0 | 0 |
Oil (lubricating oil) | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Oil (vegetable) | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
P3 washing agent | – | 95° | 0 | 0 |
Persil | – | 20° and boiling | 0 | 0 |
Petroleum | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Phosphoric acid H3PO4 chemically pure | 1% 10% 45% 60% | 20 ° 20 ° 20 ° 20 ° | 0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0 |
Photographic developer (Agfa-glyzin developer) | – | 20 ° | 0 | 0 |
Photographic fixing bath L | – | 20 ° | 0 | 0 |
Pickling brine L | – | 20 ° | 0 | 0 |
Nitric acid HNO3 | 7% 10% 25% 37% 50% | 20 ° 20 ° 20 ° 20 ° 20 ° | 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0 0 |
Hydrochloric acid L HCl | 0.5% | 20 ° boiling | 1 3 | 1 3 |
Sauerkraut brine L | – | – | 2 | 1 |
Lard | – | 20 ° | 0 | 0 |
Soft Soap | – | 20 ° | 0 | 0 |
Sulphur, dry | fused | 130° | 0 | 0 |
Carbon disulphide C S2 | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Sulphuric acid H2SO4
fuming (11% free SO3) fuming | 1%
2.5%
5%
7.5%
10% 20% 80%
98% =concentrated – | 20° boiling 20° boiling 20° boiling 20 ° boiling 20 ° 20 ° 20 ° 70° 20° 70°
20° | 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 3 0 2
0 | 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 1 1 1 2 0 2
0 |
(60% free SO3) | – | 100° 20° 80° | 1 0 0 | 0 0 0 |
Hydrogen sulphide dry H2S | <4 | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Sulphurous acid H2 S O2 | saturated 4 bar 5-8 bar 10-20 bar | 20° 135° 160° 180-200° | 0 1 2 2 | 0 0 1 1 |
Schweinfurt green 3 Cu (As O2)3, Cu (CH3 COO)2 | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Sea Water L | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Soap | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Mustard L | – | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Spinning bath | up to 10% H2SO4 | 70° | 2 | 1 |
Tar (pure) | – | 20° and hot | 0 | 0 |
Turpentine | – | 20° and hot | 0 | 0 |
Vaseline | – | 20° and hot | 0 | 0 |
Water Tap water Pit water = acidic water | – | 20° 20° | 0 0 | 0 0 |
Water vapour Water vapour with SO2 Water vapour with CO2 | –
–
– | 400°
–
– | 0
1
0 | 0
0
0 |
Wine (white and red) | – | 20° and hot | 0 0 | 0 0 |
Tartaric acid COOH (CHOH)2 COOH | 10% 50% | 20° 20° | 0 0 | 0 0 |
Lemon juice Citric acid HO C(CH2 COOH)2, | – 1% 10% 25% | 20° 20° 20° 20° | 0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0 |
COOH, H2) | 50% | 20° | 0 | 0 |
Sugar solution | – | 20° boiling | 0 0 | 0 0 |